Монгол Улс дахь мөнгө угаах хэргийн өнөөгийн байдалд хийсэн дүн шинжилгээ

ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT SITUATION OF MONEY LAUNDERING IN MONGOLIA

Abstract

Money laundering as a criminal activity has developed over time, influenced by historical periods and circumstances. In developed countries, the main driving forces behind money laundering are the widespread trafficking of illicit drugs, narcotics, human and arms trade, and the illegal extraction of natural resources. In contrast, in economically unstable, poor, or small economies, where development relies heavily on foreign loans, grants, and investments, the lack of control and oversight over the sources of foreign capital makes money laundering crimes more prevalent. This has been confirmed globally. In our country, the situation regarding transnational money laundering crimes has worsened, leading to the need for intensified efforts to combat such crimes. This is evident from the National Risk Assessment Report on money laundering and terrorist financing conducted by Mongolia in 2016, the analysis of money laundering crimes registered and investigated by law enforcement, and the information obtained through the follow-up actions. For example, a total of 162 money laundering crimes were registered under Article 18.6 "Money Laundering" of the Criminal Code of Mongolia from 2019 to 2023. The breakdown by year is as follows: 54 cases in 2019, 27 in 2020, 47 in 2021, 12 in 2022, and 22 in 2023. Of these crimes, 14 (8.6%) were investigated by the Anti-Corruption Agency (ACA), and 148 (91.4%) were investigated by the police. Research and analysis have been conducted on the current state of economic crimes, identifying key issues and drawing conclusions on potential solutions.